Deductions from total income U/S 80 - Individuals (FY 2010-11):  
  Various deductions from the Gross Total Income are available to you if the below investments/payments are made before 31st March of the relevant financial year.  
  Below are the some of the important deductions:  
  1] Section 80C  
  Under this section you get deduction for below payments :  
  a. Payment of Life Insurance Premium of yourself, spouse or any child  
  b. Contribution to Statutory Provident Fund & Public Provident Fund  
  c. Subscriptions to National Savings Certificates  
  d. Contributions to ULIPs of UTI or LIC  
  e. Payments for notified annuity plans under LIC  
  f. Subscription to unit of Mutual Fund  
  g. Tuition fees of your kids  
  h. Principle repayment of housing loan etc.  
  i. Fixed deposits with banks for 5 or more years  
  j. Amount deposited under Senior Citizens Savings Scheme  
  k. Amount deposited in 5-year Time Deposit scheme in post office  
  Overall limit for Sec 80C is Rs. 1, 00,000. As per the Provident Funds Act, a non-resident Indian cannot invest in PPF in that case you may invest into the name the name of spouse or child if they are Indian residents.  
  2] Section 80CCC  
  Payments made for any annuity plan of LIC or any other insurer for receiving pension from the fund is deductible under this section. Maximum deduction under this section cannot exceed Rs. 100,000.  
  Aggregate amount of deduction u/s 80C and 80CCC shall not exceed Rs. 1, 00,000  
  3] Sec 80D  
  Payments to Medical Insurance Premiums are deductible under this section. For the purpose, insurance policy may be in the name of spouse, dependent children or dependent parents. General limit of deduction is Rs. 15,000 in case premium is paid for taxpayer, spouse and dependent children. Form the current year additional deduction of Rs.15, 000 is allowed for premiums paid for parents insurance. If any of the insurers is a senior citizen additional deduction of Rs.5, 000 is allowed. The total deduction under this section is Rs.40, 000.  
  Care should be taken that the premium should not be paid in Cash, it must be either by cheque or bank draft.  
  4] Sec 80DD  
  If you have incurred any expenditure, on medical treatment of a disabled dependent or paid for the premium of Insurance Policy for the same person, you will get a deduction of Rs. 50,000. The deduction will be extended to Rs. 75,000, if the disability is severe. For the purpose, a medical certificate (about disability) by medical authority along with return of income should be furnished. NRI taxpayer cannot avail this deduction.  
  5] Sec 80DDB  
  If you have incurred any expenditure, on medical treatment of yourself or a dependent suffering from specified disease, you will get a deduction of amount spent or Rs. 40,000 whichever is lower. For the purpose, a medical certificate by medical authority should be obtained. If the dependent is a Senior Citizen, the limit of Rs. 40,000 is extended to Rs. 60,000. NRI taxpayer cannot avail this deduction.  
  6] Sec 80E  
  If you have taken any loan for your Higher Education, interest portion paid is deductible under this section. The deduction is available for eight years or full repayment of loan whichever is earlier. Higher education means full time graduate or post graduate courses.  
  7] Sec 80G  
  You get deduction under this section for donations paid to various funds or charitable institutions. Generally, 50% of amount paid as donation is deductible under this section. In case of donations made to few funds/institutions 100% of the amount paid as donation is deductible. Separate list of funs/institutions is provided under section Sec 80G for 100% and 50% for this purpose.
There is ceiling of 10% of Adjusted Gross total Income on the total amount of deduction under this section.
 
  8] Sec 80GG  
  If you do not owe any house, you can claim deduction for the rent paid. The deduction is least of Rs. 24,000 or 25% of total income or rent actually paid in excess of 10% of total income. You will not be eligible to take this deduction if you areis claiming House Rent Allowance (HRA) exemption.  
  9] Sec 80U  
  If you are disabled & certified by medical authority to be a person with disability, you will be allowed a deduction of Rs. 50,000. If the disability is severe, the deduction is extended to Rs. 75,000.  
  (The limit for maximum deduction available under Sections 80C, 80CCC and 80CCD (combined together) is Rs. 1,00,000/- (Rs. one lac only). An additional deduction upto a maximum of Rs. 20,000/- will be available from Assessment Year 2011-12 (FY 2010-11) for investment in Infrastructure Bonds).